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new study showing the importance of the vareity of fruits & veggies

Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Background:

We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

Methods:

After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187 participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between DDS and lung cancer risk. All models were adjusted for smoking behavior and the total consumption of fruit and vegetables.

Results: 

With increasing variety in vegetable subgroups, risk of lung cancer decreases [hazard ratios (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.94 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.02]. This inverse association is restricted to current smokers (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.03). In continuous analyses, in current smokers, lower risks were observed for squamous cell carcinomas with more variety in fruit and vegetable products combined (HR/two products, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), vegetable subgroups (HR/subgroup, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97), vegetable products (HR/two products, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96), and fruit products (HR/two products, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97).

Conclusion: Variety in vegetable consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk among current smokers. Risk of squamous cell carcinomas was reduced with increasing variety in fruit and/or vegetable consumption, which was mainly driven by the effect in current smokers.

Impact: Independent from quantity of consumption, variety in fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2278–86. ©2010 AACR.

    • Received May 10, 2010.
    • Revision received July 7, 2010.
    • Accepted July 7, 2010.

    Copyright © 2010 American Association for Cancer Research

    • Online ISSN: 1538-7755
    • Print ISSN: 1055-9965

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Eating Berries May Help Aging Brain Stay Healthy - AOL Health

http://www.aolhealth.com/2010/08/23/eating-berries-may-help-aging-brain-stay-healthy/?icid=main%7Cmain%7Cdl3%7Csec3_lnk3%7C165533

Eating Berries May Help Aging Brain Stay Healthy

Blueberries and strawberries may serve as a detox elixir for the brain and can help your aging mind stay sharp, new research shows.

Scientists from the U.S. Department of Agriculture say they've discovered the first solid evidence that the popular fruits, along with acai berries and walnuts, essentially cleanse the brain, activating what's known as its "housekeeper" function and ridding it of toxic proteins.

Those proteins are the culprits to blame for age-related memory loss and other mental deterioration.

Study author Shibu Poulouse, who works for the USDA's Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Boston, said the body's ability to ward off inflammation and oxidative damage declines with age, which can lead to brain disorders, heart disease and cancer, among other degenerative conditions.

"The good news is that natural compounds called polyphenolics found in fruits, vegetables and nuts have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect that may protect against age-associated decline," Poulouse told a conference of the American Chemical Society.

Poulouse and study co-author James Joseph, who died in June, looked at certain cells in the brain known as microglia -- which eliminate and recycle toxins that can cause the mind to malfunction. That detoxification is called autophagy.

As people age, the cleaning cells stop working properly and the biochemical debris accumulates, according to Poulouse. The microglia can also become hyperactive and harm healthy brain cells.

"Our research suggests that the polyphenolics in berries have a rescuing effect," said Poulouse, in a statement from the American Chemical Society. "They seem to restore the normal housekeeping function."

The scientists used cultures of the brain cells of mice and saw that berry extracts blocked certain proteins from shutting down the autophagy process.

But Dr. Douglas Husbands, a nutritionist with a practice in northern California, warned against giving the findings too much weight.

"You can't make a generalization from that study," Husbands told AOL Health. "Where were the berries from? Were they organic, or did they contain pesticides? The devil is in the details."

And experiments using extracts and animals, rather than actual fruits and humans, don't tell the whole story, he said.

"You cannot extrapolate that the extracts are doing the same thing as all the molecules in the food would do," Husbands said. "You have to look at all the ingredients."

The authors' prior research has shown antioxidants in fruits and nuts may prevent the decline in cognitive abilities that accompanies aging.

In one study, old rats were fed antioxidant-rich strawberry, blackberry and blueberry extract for two months. The diet
reversed the age-related degeneration of the rodents' nerve function and memory skills.

More on Memory:
Eating a Handful of Pecans Daily May Protect Body, Brain
With Age Comes Wisdom: Midlife Brains Sharper Than Younger Minds

British Medical Journal: Green Leafy Vegetables Associated with a Lower Diabetes Risk

Green Leafy Vegetables associated with a Lower Diabetes Risk
Increased consumption of leafy green vegetables is associated with lower risk for developing type 2 diabetes, a BMJ meta-analysis finds.
Researchers examined data from six prospective cohort studies that measured individual consumption of fruits and vegetables. The studies also assessed the development of diabetes over a median of 13 years. Intake of fruit or vegetables, either alone or combined, was not associated with lower risk. In the four studies that specifically measured the intake of leafy green vegetables, a 14% reduction in diabetes risk was apparent between the highest and lowest levels of consumption.
The authors cite the antioxidant effects of beta-carotene, polyphenols, and vitamin C as possible mechanisms for this effect. Editorialists comment that dietary advice "may be just as beneficial, if not more so, than prescribing drugs" to patients at risk.

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An Investment vs. an Expense « The Gordon Hester Blog

An Investment vs. an Expense

http://www.gordonhester.com/?p=591

(download)

 I am often approached with the business situation where the person cannot make some type of commitment to their business because they feel they cannot afford it.  Often times I find that it is more an issue of the person failing to recognize the difference between an investment vs. an expense.  Since this is a common problem, I thought I would take a few minutes to help distinguish between the two.  First, let me say that proper expense management is a key to both business and financial success.  As we all know, one of the key principles with money is that you have to live below your means.  That applies to individuals, businesses and governments (although I am not sure if governments really follow this principle these days).

 There is one distinguishing difference between an expense and an investment.  That difference is a “positive income result”.  In other words, if by spending money, you can generate more income or growth than the expense, then in essence your spending is not a waste of money but instead a means to increase revenues.  As I have noted in prior blogs, there are four very important areas of investment that must be a focus for any successful business:

1. Proven People
2. Proven systems, processes, products, etc.
3. Innovation
4. Personal Development

Follow this link to read more about these four areas:

http://www.gordonhester.com/?p=433.

That being said, I wanted to add another important element to the investment vs. expense question.  That element has to do with “Perception of Value”.   If you have received a “positive income result” from spending, then you understand value because you have experienced it.  What do you do when you have a proven investment?  Feed it.  One of the key momentum principles is to feed what works and fix what is broken.  However, as for many investments, a “leap of faith” is often required when you do not have the experience of getting a result.  It is these times when you have to be able to trust that a spending decision will create a positive income result.  Often a great strategy is to examine others who have experienced results and learn from their decisions.  Experience is always the best teacher.  However, that doesn’t mean that it has to be 

your experience.

Price objections are generally value objections.  In order to change the thinking about the cost or expense, you have to be able to connect to the value.  This means getting clear about (1) the probability of a result, and (2) the benefits of investing back into your business when that type of spending often feeds income, business and personal growth.  Rest assured that if anyone is questioning the price of a product, service or other investment, what they are really questioning is the value of spending the money.  Simply put, they are not convinced that the results are worth the spending.  When this is the case, it is critical to be able to shift thinking and increase the “value proposition” of a spending decision.

In the end, one of the key factors in a successful business is the constant investment back into the business.  Too often small business owners fail to understand the value of re-investment back into their business.  Instead of re-investing capital and profits, they use them to elevate lifestyle.  Clearly people use business as a vehicle to enhance lifestyle, however, when lifestyle drains a business, the business will ultimately suffer.  Remember, there is a simple formula for investment:

 

Note that the formula points out some key lessons.  First, you have to track spending.  You will not know whether spending is an investment if you don’t track the results produced from the spending.  As the old adage goes, you have to inspect what you expect.  Second, the “result” is defined as consistently producing more income than the expense.  This turns an investment into a system.  Finally, if you have a system that works, then you feed it with more money, more time, and more resources.  That is how you make a business grow from investing (or re-investing) back into it.


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